Pop psychology has become an important part of social life, many guide us through life's ups and downs, and some full of "fallacy" is the wrong perception about human nature synthesizer. Psychological fallacy of us will be fooled, because most of the fallacies are with our intuition, hunches and experience to match.
Fallacy I: vent anger for health
People think that inhibition of anger to vent anger more than health. This view can be traced back to ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, he found that watching tragedy helps to vent their negative emotions show, off anger.
Mass media has convinced us that anger is the devil, must pass the "blow", "escape the hearts of anger" to heal. Some of the popular therapy to encourage people angry scream, hit a pillow or throw the ball to the wall.
However, over 40 years of research shows that anger actually increase aggressive. In one experiment, after the pounding nails offended by others who vent their anger, become more than people who do not even mean to hit a nail. American psychologists Craig Anderson and Brad Mann's study shows that the Bush: playing violent computer games increase social situations in everyday people aggressive.
American psychologist Jill Littrell that: only put forward constructive solutions or been intended to reduce communication frustration, vent anger to be valid. Therefore, if the partner has repeatedly ignored because of your feelings and unhappy, and red will not improve the situation of the other roaring, but calm and resolute to express their dissatisfaction usually calm their anger.
Why is this fallacy is so popular? Perhaps because of wrath that it makes people feel instantly "cool", but most of the time, their anger will subside.
Second fallacy: non-poor students individualized
The "learning styles" enter the search engine, you will find dozens of websites, claiming that measured out in minutes for you to learn. This is a widely accepted view of the premise: When teaching and learning methods to match, the students can learn best.
In most educational theory and practice, this view has been regarded as a model, many best-selling books and workshops are celebrating the big plus point. However, studies show that the way students learn is difficult to reliably distinguish, mainly because they are often in different contexts very different shows.
Since the 70s of the 20th century, most studies failed to show "matching" teaching method can improve the quality of teaching, in most cases, failed to improve student scores. Instead, students are not considered a common way of teaching such as high expectations for students, providing them with motivation and skills to achieve goals get better.
As for the "matching" teaching method encourages students to avoid weaknesses in teaching, in fact, be counterproductive. In the long run, students need to learn to make up for shortcomings, rather than to escape.
Three fallacies: a positive attitude to cure cancer
Famous American television and radio talk show, Dr. 西瓦妮古德曼 health experts in the "capture (prevention) of cancer and other diseases, 9 Steps," a book that her cancer was caused because of her negative attitude subconsciously hate to be a woman, since the discovery of their own mentality is harmful to health, she had transformed into state of mind can have a "radiant health" treatment. Large number of books have also expressed a similar view: a positive attitude can stop cancer cells spreading.
Most women who survived cancer patients seem to agree. However, there was insufficient evidence to support the "Optimism is the savior of cancer," this view. Most studies of cancer risks and not be able to be found between stress or emotional contact.
American journalist and social critic Barbara Ellen Rick in "Truth: a positive attitude to promote erosion of the United States, the vicious," a book that questioned the mentality of the therapeutic effect. She also severely blame the so-called "cancer culture", this culture is forcing cancer patients believe that a positive attitude can cure them, or to retain their dignity. In contrast, patients with breast cancer Ellen Rick urged to adopt a "prudent realism" approach, rather than their own happiness hidden in camouflage exterior.
Fallacy of four: the older the more sad
U.S. survey shows that 65% of the psychology student that "the majority of old people all alone." And 64% of medical students agreed that "severe depression are more common in the elderly."
Early childhood, people came into contact with the various unreliable by the media portray older people. A study of the Disney children's film The survey found that 42% of the older characters have not optimistic, forgetful, and head in the clouds and other features. So do not recruit people to be seen in the movie image in young people is also very common.
The more young people to the older people do not predict happiness, but the survey shows that more elderly people than young people happiness. For 28,000 Americans a study shows that 1 / 3 of the 88 year-old man claiming to be "very happy", and the most happy people are also the oldest, aged 10 years for each additional, increased sense of well-being of the people 5%; 25 to 45 people between the ages of the highest rates of depression, among the happiest men over the age of 65.
Cognitive ability does not decline significantly with age. A study on the creative achievements in some subjects, many people are in their 50s or older when creating their best work.
Five fallacy: the face of inevitable death through five stages
Many mental and physical health experts, have memorized the Swiss-born psychologist Elizabeth 库布勒罗斯 "death experience five stages" theory, that people died when the process of transformation must experience the following:
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.
According to this theory, when informed that he would die, we will first tell ourselves it is not true (denial); when they realized that this is true, they will become angry (anger); sought in vain again postpone the next death approaches, such as still alive to tell their own unfulfilled aspirations to complete a (bargaining); and then realize that is a step by step, after dying, you will feel very sad (depressed); eventually understand that this is the inevitable outcome, calm, peacefully accept (accepted).
Although the theory 库布勒罗斯 very popular, but it lacks scientific basis. Studies show that many people are dying to skip one or more 库布勒罗斯 defined stage, even in reverse order.
库 布勒罗斯 the theory is to seize the hearts of all men, perhaps because people feel it can not control the events have the ability to predict. Terrible experience of death is attributed to a series of well-defined stages, and finally down to calmly accept.
This view is gratifying. But in fact, the process of each man's death does not follow the same path as the trajectory of each person living are different.
2011-01-30
Psychological Secret: Language of the "sleep effect"
One day, the boy suddenly met a girl out soon: "You are so beautiful, I love you." Suddenly the face of a boy's confession, the girl is very cramped --- "He is not on anyone say such a thing it? only know how long, ah, say so, the point is not too frivolous? "Still later, the boy again with praise and confession of the girl, the girl promised to do the boy's girlfriend.
Why do girls on the negative impression of the boy disappeared before it?
Language "sleeping effect"
Psychologists have found that no matter what the information, its credibility will change over time, and this is the language of psychology, "sleep effect" refers to a person after receiving a message, over time, memory of there, leaving only the content of information, other information around the information will be gradually fading.
Over time, the girl the boy the first time in the face of praise, the "Who" and "how to say" and "where to say" and so forth will be forgotten, but remain in the memory of the girl, "I like you, "" You are too beautiful, "and so these core words are very clear. These memories will bring pure joy and girls happy. When the boy praising girls again, she will think, "he had said so," and praise will not be easily forgotten. At this moment, she thought not, "said the man would still not reliable," but "I was flattered last man boast that he ah!" In this way, the girl gave the boy a good impression snowball increasingly greater.
People tend to remember those who could hear their own information
Some of the information for the memory to maintain information while others were forgotten phenomenon, Institute of Psychology, Professor Yin Wengang said, "the human brain will filter the information, people tend to remember those who could hear their own, and the people according to their own logic, the subconscious will to rationalize the information, which can lead to distortion of information. "
Yinwen Gang told reporters, who, at the emotional impact, especially when affected by strong emotions, will pay special attention to certain things. Because of this, people pay attention to the range will become narrow. Thus, people might be interested in some of the details I remember very clearly, while others are more important as the details will be completely ignored.
Psychological experts believe that use of the language of psychology, "sleep effect", that is, they boast boast, repeated praise, one might therefore like you, and you will therefore be endless benefits. Do not worry about the other mistake, depression put words of praise in my heart.
Tips
Praise others have the skills
First, the praise should come from heart, not to praise and praise. Although people like to listen to the words of praise, but not any of praise can make each other happy. Can lead to other good impression can only be those based on the fact that the praise they crave. Instead, you no basis without roots, hypocritical to praise others, he not only puzzled, but will think you're slick, sly, hypocritical. For example, when you see a homely lady, Want to said to her: "You're very beautiful." The other side will immediately identify what you said is against their hypocrisy matter to the words. But if you look at her dress, conversation, behavior, found that her stand out in these areas and sincere praise, she will be happy to accept.
Second, Commending the act itself, not praised the people. Praised the act itself, to avoid embarrassing confusion, bias, and encourage more of similar behavior.
Third, commended Be specific, realistic and not too much exaggeration, to be targeted. For example, "You are too beautiful," better to say, "This dress is so beautiful on you," said, "You're intelligent," as saying "how can you come up with a good way to do this", "Your work is very good "To better than" You're a good staff. "
Fourth, commended the timely, and not long later. Appropriate to praise others, often to obtain the best results. Particularly praised the people in public in a timely manner, the effect is better. However, publicly praised the others, must be decent, but not feel embarrassed to let those who are praised. If it is in the meeting praised the people, to let go a little more active, should receive the meeting praised the special effects. When people plan to do something meaningful, the beginning of the praise he decided to make achievements will inspire the middle of praise good for each other persistent efforts, praised the end result can be sure that the direction of further efforts to achieve "commended one, inspired a group of "effect.
Why do girls on the negative impression of the boy disappeared before it?
Language "sleeping effect"
Psychologists have found that no matter what the information, its credibility will change over time, and this is the language of psychology, "sleep effect" refers to a person after receiving a message, over time, memory of there, leaving only the content of information, other information around the information will be gradually fading.
Over time, the girl the boy the first time in the face of praise, the "Who" and "how to say" and "where to say" and so forth will be forgotten, but remain in the memory of the girl, "I like you, "" You are too beautiful, "and so these core words are very clear. These memories will bring pure joy and girls happy. When the boy praising girls again, she will think, "he had said so," and praise will not be easily forgotten. At this moment, she thought not, "said the man would still not reliable," but "I was flattered last man boast that he ah!" In this way, the girl gave the boy a good impression snowball increasingly greater.
People tend to remember those who could hear their own information
Some of the information for the memory to maintain information while others were forgotten phenomenon, Institute of Psychology, Professor Yin Wengang said, "the human brain will filter the information, people tend to remember those who could hear their own, and the people according to their own logic, the subconscious will to rationalize the information, which can lead to distortion of information. "
Yinwen Gang told reporters, who, at the emotional impact, especially when affected by strong emotions, will pay special attention to certain things. Because of this, people pay attention to the range will become narrow. Thus, people might be interested in some of the details I remember very clearly, while others are more important as the details will be completely ignored.
Psychological experts believe that use of the language of psychology, "sleep effect", that is, they boast boast, repeated praise, one might therefore like you, and you will therefore be endless benefits. Do not worry about the other mistake, depression put words of praise in my heart.
Tips
Praise others have the skills
First, the praise should come from heart, not to praise and praise. Although people like to listen to the words of praise, but not any of praise can make each other happy. Can lead to other good impression can only be those based on the fact that the praise they crave. Instead, you no basis without roots, hypocritical to praise others, he not only puzzled, but will think you're slick, sly, hypocritical. For example, when you see a homely lady, Want to said to her: "You're very beautiful." The other side will immediately identify what you said is against their hypocrisy matter to the words. But if you look at her dress, conversation, behavior, found that her stand out in these areas and sincere praise, she will be happy to accept.
Second, Commending the act itself, not praised the people. Praised the act itself, to avoid embarrassing confusion, bias, and encourage more of similar behavior.
Third, commended Be specific, realistic and not too much exaggeration, to be targeted. For example, "You are too beautiful," better to say, "This dress is so beautiful on you," said, "You're intelligent," as saying "how can you come up with a good way to do this", "Your work is very good "To better than" You're a good staff. "
Fourth, commended the timely, and not long later. Appropriate to praise others, often to obtain the best results. Particularly praised the people in public in a timely manner, the effect is better. However, publicly praised the others, must be decent, but not feel embarrassed to let those who are praised. If it is in the meeting praised the people, to let go a little more active, should receive the meeting praised the special effects. When people plan to do something meaningful, the beginning of the praise he decided to make achievements will inspire the middle of praise good for each other persistent efforts, praised the end result can be sure that the direction of further efforts to achieve "commended one, inspired a group of "effect.
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